Ira, provisional ira, provisional irish republican army, provos example of. Provisional irish republican army was a social sciences and society good articles nominee, but did not meet the good article criteria at the time. The provisional irish republican army and the development of mortars. The irish republican army ira is a name used by various paramilitary organisations in ireland throughout the 20th and the 21st century. The irish republican army also known as the provisional irish republican army provisional. Media in category provisional irish republican army the following 37 files are in this category, out of 37 total. The provisional irish republican army pira has long been regarded as one of the most highly organised and sophisticated terrorist groups the. Provisional irish republican army a militant organization of irish nationalists who used terrorism and guerilla warfare in an effort to drive. Provisional irish republican army wikimedia commons.
List of weapons used by the provisional irish republican army during the troubles 19691997. Coshquin proxy bomb ira slaughter six innocent people. Project muse explaining pathways to armed activism in the. Continuity irish republican army military wiki fandom. History of the provisional irish republican army pira. This task requires insight into what training really accomplishes for the group, expressed by how the information passed to members meets the organizations needs and the impacts of training on group outcomes. Provisional irish republican army project gutenberg self. Nowadays the term irish republican army almost always denotes the provisional. The dissident irish republican campaign began at the end of the troubles, a 30year political conflict in northern ireland.
This article presents an empirical analysis of a unique dataset of 1240 former members of the provisional irish republican army pira. Provisional irish republican army ira aka, pira, the. Since the provisional irish republican army ira or pira called a ceasefire and ended its campaign in 1997, breakaway groups opposed to the ceasefire and to the peace agreements dissident irish republicans have continued a lowlevel armed campaign against the security. It formed in 1997 following a split in the provisional ira by dissident members, who rejected the iras ceasefire that year. This case study was excerpted and abridged from gary ackerman, more bang for the buck unpublished doctoral dissertation. With these weapons it conducted an armed campaign against the british state in northern ireland.
The army council shall be the supreme authority when a general convention is not in session. The provisional irish republican army was established as a paramilitary organization to free northern ireland from british rule and to create one irish state. Aug 16, 2019 the irish republican army ira, which traces its roots to catholic irish nationalism in the early 1900s, was considered by many to be a terrorist organization because of certain tacticssuch as bombings and assassinationit used to oppose british rule in ireland. The two main sources of weaponry for the ira have been the usa and libya.
Tn 1976, there,,as a deficit and disbursements were reduced in november 1977. Jul 28, 2015 the provisional irish republican army ira or pira was an irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to remove northern ireland from the united kingdom and bring about an independent republic encompassing all of ireland. White oberlin college concentrating on the development of one politically violent organi zation, the provisional irish republican army ira, leads to con clusions that differ from more aggregate approaches. The provisional ira used terrorism to fight a war of attrition and a bombing campaign to push the british army out of northern ireland. The ira and american funding georgetown university. The irish republican army is an organisation with a very rich and varied history, with the originating group spawning a wide range of groups that all carry the irish republican army name but differ some part of the name to reflect that the group holds beliefs that are idiosyncratic to the parent entity 5. Provisional iras most senior men have been linked with armed robberies.
One motif adopted by the provisional ira was the phoenix, a symbol of rebirth. Micromobilization of the provisional irish republican armyl robert w. Definition of provisional irish republican army in the dictionary. A history of the provisional republican movement part.
This resulted 1969 to redivide into provisional irish republican army pira and the official group oira, which is strong in the civil rights movementoriented. Formed in 1969 as the clandestine armed wing of the political movement sinn fein, the ira is devoted both to removing british forces from northern ireland and to unifying ireland. The provisional irish republican army and the morality of terrorism. On 26 july 2012, it was announced that some former members of the provisional irish republican army were merging with the real irish republican army, other independent republican paramilitary groups and the vigilante group republican action against drugs but, notably, not with the continuity irish republican army into a unified formation.
To answer this question, this piece examines the development of the provisional irish republican army pira during the troubles. The irish republican army ira, which traces its roots to catholic irish nationalism in the early 1900s, was considered by many to be a terrorist organization because of certain tacticssuch as bombings and assassinationit used to oppose british rule in ireland. The provisional irish republican army was an irish republican paramilitary organisation that wanted to unite ireland, by using armed force to remove northern ireland from the united kingdom, mainly during the troubles era. However there are no serious history of the provisional movement available on the internet. It situates piras tactical innovations within the broad organizational psychology literature focused on the nature and drivers of creativity and innovation. The present text would not have added much to the abundant literature already available in print. Aug 22, 2014 the provisional irish republican army ira or pira was an irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to remove northern ireland from the united kingdom and bring about an independent. The analysis presented here is drawn from a new dataset of 1240 pira members, developed as part of a larger research effort on malevolent creativity and innovation in terrorist networks.
The continuity irish republican army or continuity ira cira is an irish republican paramilitary group that aims to bring about a united ireland. There exists a substantial body of revolutionary analysis focused on those elusive objective conditions that permit rebels to rise with some hope of success. Oglaigh na heireann, also known as the provisional irish republican army provisional ira or provos, was an irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end british rule in northern ireland, facilitate irish reunification and bring about an independent republic encompassing all of ireland. Information and translations of provisional irish republican army in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. It was the biggest and most active republican paramilitary during the troubles. The general army convention shall be the supreme army authority.
Irish republican army definition of irish republican army. In this article three pathways into armed activism are identified among those who joined the provisional irish republican army pira in northern ireland between 1969 and 1972. The growing trouble in northern ireland in 1969 had a significant impact on the irish republican army ira. Provisional irish republican army campaign wikipedia. Provisional irish republican army pira terrorist groups. What happened in northern ireland in 1972 and what is the saville inquiry. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation, inc. It was the biggest and most active republican paramilitary group during the troubles. The provisionals gained credibility from their efforts to physically defend such areas in 1970 and 1971. The majority of the violence was carried out by the provisional irish republican army, a paramilitary group that utilized terrorist tactics in an attempt to end british rule of northern ireland.
This paper attempts to shed some light on the behavior of the pira post1969 through the explanation of its evolution and history, internal organization, its tactics and methodology, recruitment processes, and relationships with other actors. Anguish haunts northern irelands retired terrorists. The provisional irish republican army pira repeatedly showed itself to be one of the most inventive and adaptive of all the violent nonstate actors who operated in the latter part of the twentieth century. Provisional irish republican armyarchive 10 wikipedia. The main gunrunning network in the usa was controlled by a veteran irish republican called george harrison. Jul 26, 2012 it said the organisation would be subservient to the constitution of the irish republican army. In the 60s, there were differences between the military and the provisionals oriented rather marxisttheory oriented officials. Continuity irish republican army wikipedia republished. Provisional irish republican army wikipedia republished. The provisional irish republican army s experience, 19691971 j. The group was blamed for a handful of minor assaults and threats of violence, as well as claims the group was linked to a murder in strabane. Irish republican army an overview sciencedirect topics. This article provides an overview of provisional irish republican army pira innovations with regards to improvised explosive devices ieds.
The provisional ira emerged from a split in the irish republican army in 1969, partly as a result of that organisations perceived failure to defend catholic neighbourhoods from attack in the 1969 northern ireland riots. In less than three years, the provisional irish republican army developed from the 26 men who elected an army council into a guerrilla army with 15002000 soldiers white, p63. Pdf the provisional irish republican army and the morality. The provisional irish republican army and the morality of. The provisional irish republican army was born in december 1969 when the dublinbased republican movement split into two factions, ostensibly over the traditional republican policy of abstensionism with regard to the belfast, dublin and london parliaments, but more consequentially over the issue of whether to pursue an offensive campaign in light of the arrival of the british army in northern. The 1977 edition of the green book, an induction and training manual used by the ira, describes the strategy of the long war in these terms. Ballygawley bus bombing 20th august 1998 ira kill 8 british soldiers in landmine attack the ballygawley bus bombing was a roadside bomb attack by the provisional irish republican army ira on a bus carrying british soldiers in northern ireland. Ira structure synonyms, ira structure pronunciation, ira structure translation, english dictionary definition of ira structure. It emerged from a split in the provisional ira in 1986 but did not become active until the provisional ira ceasefire of 1994. The provisional irish republican army ira or provisional ira was an irish republican paramilitary organization that sought to remove northern ireland from the united kingdom and to bring about an independent republic encompassing all of ireland.
Ballygawley bus bombing 8 british soldiers slaughtered. A commitment to expertise and the punishment of those who do not reach these collective expectations reinforce this ethos. The name ira has been in use since the organization was founded in 1921. The real irish republican army or real ira rira, is a dissident irish republican paramilitary group which aims to bring about a united ireland. For three decades the provisional irish republican army waged an armed struggle against what it considered to be the british occupation of northern ireland. Explaining pathways to armed activism in the provisional irish republican army, 19691972 volume 36 issue 3 lorenzo bosi. To its supporters, the ira was the legitimate army of ireland, fighting to force a british withdrawal as a prelude to the reunification of the irish nation. There are many books on the history and politics of the provisional irish republican movement, some of them outstanding. The political movement in total is dedicated to irredentism through irish republicanism, the belief that all of ireland should be an independent republic free from. Once these issues have been addressed, the article can be renominated. Irish republican army simple english wikipedia, the free. It was used by the postirish civil warirish republican army ira.
Coshquin proxy bomb buncrana road, on 24 october 1990 on 24 october 1990 the provisional irish republican army ira developed the tactic by introducing the socalled human proxy bomb. Irish republican army, republican paramilitary organization seeking the establishment of a republic, the end of british rule in northern ireland, and the reunification of ireland. From 1970 to 1972, the provisional republican movement grew from a tiny group to a mass insurrectionary movement. Northern ireland conflict the troubles universiteit leiden. The official irish republican army or official ira oira. View provisional irish republican army research papers on academia.
Interview with a representative of the pira provisional irish republican army. A history of the provisional republican movement part one. Sources during the initial phase of the troubles 19691972, the provisinal ira was poorly equipped and primarily used. It split from the irish republican army ira in 1969. Aug 01, 2011 from 1970 to 1972, the provisional republican movement grew from a tiny group to a mass insurrectionary movement. Provisional irish republican army pira, the provos description formed in 1969 as the clandestine armed wing of the political movement sinn fein, the ira is devoted both to removing british forces from northern ireland and to unifying ireland. Pdf this article investigates what motivates combatants to fight in non conventional armed organizations. Pira constitution wikisource, the free online library. The reciprocity between the provisional irish republican army pira and the british authorities is analyzed as a case in point to illustrate how each side can adapt or reciprocate to each move or. Irish republican army ira, also called provisional irish republican army, republican paramilitary organization seeking the establishment of a republic, the end. The new irish republican army nira, also known as the real ira, is a radical terrorist group that split from the provisional ira. The author uses the provisional irish republican army pira as an example case to describe and evaluate a terrorist training effort.
The provisional irish republican army ira or provisional ira was an irish republican revolutionary organisation that sought to end british rule in northern ireland, facilitate the reunification of ireland and bring about an independent socialist republic encompassing all of ireland. The continuity irish republican army, usually known as the continuity ira cira is an irish republican paramilitary group that claims to be the armed forces of the irish republic that was proclaimed in 1916. Provisional irish republican army ira aka, pira, the provos, oglaigh na heireann uk separatists the provisional irish republican army, or ira, is an outgrowth of an older group known as. There are suggestions below for improving the article. In a 1981 interview, a spokesman related piras goals to events that occurred more than 60 years earlier. Provisional irish republican army research papers academia. Technological evolution provisional irish republican army pira the evolution of the provisional irish republican army, or piras, bombing campaign in northern ireland and in england from the 1960s to the 1990s really illustrates firstly, the.
Jul 15, 2015 anguish haunts northern irelands retired terrorists. A true story of murder and memory in northern ireland by patr. The irish republican army ira can trace its origins to the 19th century fenian brotherhood of america, which tried and failed to establish an irish republic in north america in the postcivil war years. The republican defence army rda was a splinter group from the provisional irish republican army that emerged in 2006. It is one of two remaining groups sworn to continue the violence. Provisional irish republican army arms importation into the republic of ireland for use in northern ireland began in the early 1970s. Tactical innovation and the provisional irish republican army. In 1972, the official ira declared a ceasefire, which, apart from feuds with other republican groups, has been maintained to date. In less than three years, the provisional irish republican army developed from the 26 men who elected an army council into a guerrilla army. Hello fellow wikipedians, i have just modified 5 external links on provisional irish republican army. Explaining pathways to armed activism in the provisional. Us army operators manual for m16 and m16a1 rifles tm 91005249. Irish republican army synonyms, irish republican army pronunciation, irish republican army translation, english dictionary definition of irish republican army. Little is known about the group, and in 2011 it was considered defunct.
Bosnia and herzegovina and the provisional irish republican army, the article. Provisional irish republican army 95 goals and strategy piras goals and strategy were defined by the long history and philosophy of the irish republican movement. The last september by elizabeth bowen, say nothing. Republican dissidents join forces to form a new ira uk news. Terrorism related to northern ireland has officially ended, with the provisional ira, dissident irish republican terrorist groups, and the main loyalist groups. We highlight the shifting sociological and operational profile of piras cadre, and highlight these dynamics in conjunction with primary pira documents and secondary interview sources. The green book has acted as a manual of conduct and induction to. The official ira were also initially drawn into an armed campaign by the escalating communal violence. List of weapons by the provisional irish republican army.
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